140EHC20200
140EHC20200
(1)輸入采樣階段。在這一階段中,PLC以掃描方式讀入所有輸入端子上的輸入信號(hào),并將各輸入狀態(tài)存入對(duì)應(yīng)的輸入映像寄存器中。此時(shí),輸入映像寄存器 被刷斷。在程序執(zhí)行階段和輸出刷新階段中,輸入映像存儲(chǔ)器與外界隔離,其內(nèi)容保持不變,直至下一個(gè)掃描周期的輸入掃描階段,才被重新讀入的輸入信號(hào)刷新。 可見(jiàn),PLC在執(zhí)行程序和處理數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),不直接使用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)當(dāng)時(shí)的輸入信號(hào),而使用本次采樣時(shí)輸入到映像區(qū)中的數(shù)據(jù)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),輸入信號(hào)的寬度要大于一個(gè)掃描周 期,否則可能造成信號(hào)的丟失。
(2)程序執(zhí)行階段。在執(zhí)行用戶程序過(guò)程中,PLC按照梯形圖程序掃描原則,一般來(lái)說(shuō),PLC按從左至右、從上到下的步驟逐個(gè)執(zhí)行程序。但遇到 程序跳轉(zhuǎn)指令,則根據(jù)跳轉(zhuǎn)條件是否滿足來(lái)決定程序跳轉(zhuǎn)地址。程序執(zhí)行過(guò)程中,當(dāng)指令中涉及輸入、輸出狀態(tài)時(shí),PLC就從輸入映像寄存器中“讀入”對(duì)應(yīng)輸入 端子狀態(tài),從輸出映像寄存器“讀入”對(duì)應(yīng)元件(“軟繼電器”)的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。然后進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的運(yùn)算,運(yùn)算結(jié)果再存入輸出映像寄存器中。對(duì)輸出映像寄存器來(lái)說(shuō), 每一個(gè)元件(“軟繼電器”)的狀態(tài)會(huì)隨著程序執(zhí)行過(guò)程而變化。
(3)輸出刷新階段。程序執(zhí)行階段的運(yùn)算結(jié)果被存入輸出映像區(qū),而不送到輸出端口上。在輸出刷新階段,PLC將輸出映像區(qū)中的輸出變量送入輸出 鎖存器,然后由鎖存器通過(guò)輸出模塊產(chǎn)生本周期的控制輸出。如果內(nèi)部輸出繼電器的狀態(tài)為“1”,則輸出繼電器觸點(diǎn)閉合,經(jīng)過(guò)輸出端子驅(qū)動(dòng)外部負(fù)載。全部輸出 設(shè)備的狀態(tài)要保持一個(gè)掃描周期。
什么是PLC的響應(yīng)時(shí)間?在輸出采用循環(huán)刷新和直接刷新方式時(shí),響應(yīng)時(shí)間有何區(qū)別?
從PLC收到一個(gè)輸入信號(hào)到PLC向輸出端輸出一個(gè)控制信號(hào)所需的時(shí)間,就是PLC的響應(yīng)時(shí)間,使用循環(huán)刷新時(shí),在一個(gè)掃描周期的刷新階段開(kāi)始 前瞬間收到一個(gè)信號(hào),則在本周期內(nèi)該信號(hào)就起作用了,這時(shí)響應(yīng)時(shí)間最短,等于輸入延時(shí)時(shí)間、一個(gè)掃描周期時(shí)間、輸出延遲時(shí)間三者之和;如果在一個(gè)掃描周期 的I/O更新階段剛過(guò)就收到一個(gè)信號(hào),則該信號(hào)在本周期內(nèi)不能起作用,必須等到下一個(gè)掃描周期才能起作用,這時(shí)響應(yīng)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),它等于輸入延遲時(shí)間、兩個(gè)掃 描周期時(shí)間與輸出延遲時(shí)間三者之和;在使用直接輸出刷新時(shí),最長(zhǎng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間等于輸入延遲時(shí)間、一個(gè)掃描周期時(shí)間、輸出延遲時(shí)間三者之和。
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