智能旋進(jìn)旋渦流量計(jì)是我公司開發(fā)研制的具有國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平的新型氣體流量儀表。該流量計(jì)集流量、溫度、壓力檢測功能于一體，并能進(jìn)行溫度、壓力、壓縮因子自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償，是石油、化工、電力、冶金等行業(yè)用于氣體計(jì)量的理想儀表。IntelligentVortexprecessionflowmeterdevelopedbyourcompanyisanewflowinstrumentattheleadinglevelinourcountry.Thisinstrumenthasacombinedfunctionofflowcapacity,temperatureandpressuremeasuring.Itcanalsoconductautocompensationoftemperature,pressureandcompressibilityfactor.Itisanidealgasdosinginstrumentforpetroleum,chemical,electricityandmetallurgicindustries.1.1產(chǎn)品主要特點(diǎn)1.1MainFeaturesoftheProductl 無機(jī)械可動(dòng)部件，不易腐蝕，穩(wěn)定可靠，壽命長，長期運(yùn)行無須特殊維護(hù)；l Theinstrumenthasnomechanicalmovingparts,andisincorruptible,stableandreliable.Ithasalongservice-lifeandrequiresnospecialmaintenanceevenafterlong-timeoperation.l 采用16位電腦芯片，集成度高，體積小，性能好，整機(jī)功能強(qiáng)；l Itadopts16DigitMicrocomputerchipwithhighintegration,smallvolume,goodperformanceandexcellentoverallfunctions.l 智能型流量計(jì)集流量探頭、微處理器、壓力、溫度傳感器于一體,采取內(nèi)置式組合,使結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，可直接測量流體的流量、壓力和溫度，并自動(dòng)實(shí)時(shí)跟蹤補(bǔ)償和壓縮因子修正；l Theintelligentflowmeterhasacombinationofflowmeasuringprobe,microprocessor,pressurepickupandtemperaturepickupandadoptsinternalstructuringtomakeafirmstructure.Itcandirectlymeasureflowcapacity,pressureandtemperatureofthefluidandconductsynchronizedcompensationandcompressibilityfactorrevision.l 采用雙檢測技術(shù)可有效地提高檢測信號(hào)強(qiáng)度，并抑制由管線振動(dòng)引起的干擾；l Itadoptsdualdetecttechniquetoeffectivelyincreasedetectingsignalintensityandreduceobstructioncausedbypipelinevibration.l 采用國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先的智能抗震技術(shù)，有效的抑制了震動(dòng)和壓力波動(dòng)造成的干擾信號(hào)；l Itadoptsnationalleadingvibration-prooftechniquestoeffectivelysuppressvibrationandundesiredsignalcausedbypressureoscillation.l 采用漢字點(diǎn)陣顯示屏，顯示位數(shù)多，讀數(shù)直觀方便，可直接顯示工作狀態(tài)下的體積流量、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下的體積流量、總量，以及介質(zhì)壓力、溫度等參數(shù)；l ItadoptsdotmatrixdisplayscreenofChinesecharactertodisplaymoresignificantdigitstobeConvenientandintuitivelyreadandcandirectlydisplayflowvolumewhileinoperatingcondition,flowvolume,totalvolume, mediumpressure,temperatureandsuchparametersofstandardcondition.l 采用EEPROM技術(shù)，參數(shù)設(shè)置方便，可永久保存，并可保存最長達(dá)一年的歷史數(shù)據(jù)；l ItadoptsEEPROMtechniquetomakeparametersettingmoreconvenientandcanbepermanentlystored.Historicaldataaslongasayearbeforecanbealsostored. l 轉(zhuǎn)換器可輸出頻率脈沖、4～20mA模擬信號(hào)，并具有RS485接口，可直接與微機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，傳輸距離可達(dá)1.2km；l TheConvertercandeliverfrequencypulse,4～20mAanalogsignalsandhasRS485interfacewhichmakesitdirectlyconductnetworkinterconnectionwithcomputersandmakesdeliverydistanceaslongas1.2km.l 多物理量參數(shù)報(bào)警輸出，可由用戶任選其中之一；l Withsignaltransferoutputofseveralphysicalparameters,userscanchooseanyofthem.l 流量計(jì)表頭可360度旋轉(zhuǎn)，安裝使用簡單方便；l Gaugeheadoftheflowmetercanrotateby360degree,itmakesapplicationandinstallationmoreconvenient.l 配合本公司的FM型數(shù)據(jù)采集器，可通過因特網(wǎng)或者電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程數(shù)據(jù)傳輸l itisequippedwithdataacquisitionunitofourcompany,therefore,datacanbedistantlydeliveredbyinternetortelephonenetwork.l 壓力、溫度信號(hào)為傳感器輸入方式，互換性強(qiáng)；l Pressureandtemperaturesignalaretransducerinputmodewithstronginterchangeability.l 整機(jī)功耗低，可用內(nèi)電池供電，也可外接電源。l Thewholemachinehasalowpowerconsumption;powercanbesuppliedbothbybatteryandexternalpowersource.1.2主要用途1.2MainApplications智能旋進(jìn)旋渦流量計(jì)可廣泛應(yīng)用于石油、化工、電力、冶金、城市供氣等行業(yè)測量各種氣體流量，是目前油田和城市天然氣輸配計(jì)量和貿(mào)易計(jì)量的首選產(chǎn)品。IntelligentVortexprecessionflowmeteriswidelyusedinmeasuringvariousgasflowrateinpetroleum,chemical,electricityandmetallurgicindustriesandcitygassupply. 二、結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理II．StructureandOperatingPrinciple 2.1流量計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)2.1StructureofFlowmeter流量計(jì)由以下七個(gè)基本部件組成（圖1）：Theflowmeteriscomposedbythefollowingsevenbasicparts(Figure1): 1.旋渦發(fā)生體1.Vertexgenerator用鋁合金制成，具有一定角度的螺旋葉片，它固定在殼體收縮段前部，強(qiáng)迫流體產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的漩渦流。Itismadeofaluminumalloywithacertainangleofhelicalblade,andisfixedatthefrontpartofshellconstriction.Itforcesthefluidtoformstrongeddy.⒉殼體2.Theshell本身帶有法蘭，并有一定形狀的流體通道，根據(jù)不同的工作壓力，殼體材料可采用鑄鋁合金或不銹鋼。(圖1)Ithasflangewithscertainshapeoffluidflowpassage;duetodifferentoperatingpressure,materialoftheshellcouldadoptscastaluminumalloyorstainlesssteel.(Figure1)⒊智能流量計(jì)積算儀（原理見圖3）3.Integratinginstrumentofintelligentflowmeter(Figure3showstheoperatingprinciples) 由溫度、壓力檢測模擬通道、流量檢測數(shù)字通道以及微處理單元、液晶驅(qū)動(dòng)電路和其它輔助電路組成，并配有外輸信號(hào)接口。 Integratinginstrumentiscomposedbytemperature,pressuretestinganalogchannel,digitalchannelofflowratemeasuringandmicroprocessingunit,LCDdrivercircuitandothersupportcircuit,andisequippedwithoutputsignalinterface. 4.溫度傳感器4.Temperaturepickup以Pt100鉑電阻為溫度敏感元件，在一定溫度范圍內(nèi)，其電阻值與溫度成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。WithPt100platinumresistorasitssenseorgan,andwithacertainrangeoftemperature,resistancequantitysharescorrespondencerelationwiththetemperature.5.壓力傳感器5.Pressuresensor以壓阻式擴(kuò)散硅橋路為敏感元件，其橋臂電阻在外界壓力作用下會(huì)發(fā)生預(yù)期變化，因此在一定激勵(lì)電流作用下，其兩個(gè)輸出端的電位差與外界壓力成正比。WithPiezoresistivediffuseddiliconconnectioncircuitasitssenseorgan,itsbridgearmresistancewillmakecontemplatedchangeunderouterpressure,soundereffectofcertainenergizingcurrent,potentialdifferenceatbothoutputterminalshareadirectproportionwithouterpressure. 6.壓電晶體傳感器6.Piezoelectricitycrystalprobe安裝在靠近殼體擴(kuò)張段的喉部，可檢測出漩渦進(jìn)動(dòng)的頻率信號(hào)。Itisinstalledatthelaryngealpartofthedilatingsectionoftheshellandcandetectfrequencysignalofeddymovement.⒎消旋器7.Swirlreducer固定在殼體出口段，其作用是消除旋渦流，以減小對(duì)下游儀表性能的影響。Itisfixedatexitsectionoftheshelltoreducewhirlingcurrentandthusreducecompactontheperformanceofinstrumentsoflowerreaches. 2.2工作原理2.2operatingprinciples 流量傳感器的流通剖面類似文丘利管的型線（圖2）。在入口側(cè)安放一組螺旋型導(dǎo)流葉片，當(dāng)流體進(jìn)入流量傳感器時(shí)，導(dǎo)流葉片迫使流體產(chǎn)生劇烈的旋渦流。當(dāng)流體進(jìn)入擴(kuò)散段時(shí)，旋渦流受到回流的作用，開始作二次旋轉(zhuǎn)，形成陀螺式的渦流進(jìn)動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。該進(jìn)動(dòng)頻率與流量大小成正比，不受流體物理性質(zhì)和密度的影響，檢測元件測得流體二次旋轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)動(dòng)頻率就能在較寬的流量范圍內(nèi)獲得良好的線性度。信號(hào)經(jīng)前置放大器放大、濾波、整形轉(zhuǎn)換為與流速成正比的脈沖信號(hào)，然后再與溫度、壓力等檢測信號(hào)一起被送往微處理器進(jìn)行積算處理，最后在液晶顯示屏上顯示出測量結(jié)果(瞬時(shí)流量、累積流量及溫度、壓力數(shù)據(jù))。 Flowthroughsectionplaneofflowsensorissimilartoshapedconductorofventuripipes(Figure2).Fixahelicalguidevaneatentranceside,whenthefluidenterstheflowsensor,theguidevanewillforcethefluidformfiercevortex.Whenthefluidentersthedilatingsection,thevortexwillbeginthesecondrotationunderinfluenceofrefluxandwillformgyrovortexprecession.Frequencyoftheprecessionsharesadirectproportionwithflowrate,freefrominfluenceofthefluid sphysicalnatureanddensity,therefore,precessionfrequencyofthesecondrotationacquiredbydetectingelementcanobtaingoodlinearityinalargescaleofflowrate.Signalswillbeenlarged,filteredbythepreamplifierandwillchangeintopulsesignalwhichsharesadirectproportionwithflowspeed,thenthesignalswillbesenttomicroprocessingunittobeintegratedtogetherwithdetectionsignalsofthetemperatureandpressure,finally,themeasuringresultwillbedisplayedontheliquidcrystaldisplay(instantaneousdelivery,integratedfluxandtemperatureandpressuredata). Vortexgenerator Figure2 Liquidcrystaldisplay CustomerapparatusPCorappearancemeterMicroprocessorstorageD/AtransformerCommunicationinterfacePulseamplifyingoutput MagnifierA/DtransformerPrepositivemagnifierFlowsensorPressuresensorHumiditysensorLiquidcrystaldrivepowerLibattery 2.3流量積算儀工作原理2.3OperatingPrinciplesofFlowTotalizer圖3Figure3流量積算儀由溫度和壓力檢測模擬通道、流量傳感器通道以及微處理器單元組成，并配有外輸出信號(hào)接口，輸出各種信號(hào)。流量計(jì)中的微處理器按照氣態(tài)方程進(jìn)行溫壓補(bǔ)償，并自動(dòng)進(jìn)行壓縮因子修正，氣態(tài)方程如下： FlowTotalizeriscomposedbytemperatureandpressuredetectionanalogchannel,flowsensorchannelandmicroprocessingunit,andisequippedwithoutputsignalinterface,fromwhichvarioussignalsareoutput.MicroprocessingunitoftheflowTotalizerconductstemperatureandpressurecompensationduetotheidealgaslawandautomaticallyrevisescompressibilityfactor,theidealgaslawisasfollow: (2) 式中：Inthisformula:QN 標(biāo)況下的體積流量(m3/h)；QN: Flowvolumeinstandardcondition(m3/h);QV 工況下的體積流量(m3/h；QV:Flowvolumeinoperatingcondition(m3/h); Pa 當(dāng)?shù)卮髿鈮毫Γ↘Pa）；Pa:Localatmosphericpressure(KPa);P 流量計(jì)取壓孔測量的表壓（KPa）；P:Psigmeasuredbypressureportoftheflowtotalizer(KPa);PN 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下的大氣壓力（101.325KPa）；PN:Atmosphericpressureinstandardcondition(101.325KPa);TN 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下的絕對(duì)溫度（293.15K）；TN:Absolutetemperatureinstandardcondition(293.15K);T 被測流體的絕對(duì)溫度（K）；T:Absolutetemperatureofthemeasuredfluid(K);ZN 氣體在標(biāo)況下的壓縮系數(shù)；ZN:Aircompressioncoefficientinstandardcondition;Z 氣體在工況下的壓縮系數(shù)；Z:Aircompressioncoefficientinoperatingcondition;注：當(dāng)用鐘罩或負(fù)壓標(biāo)定時(shí)取ZN/Z=1，對(duì)天然氣(ZN/Z)1/2=FZ為超壓縮因子。按中國石油天然氣總公司的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SY／T6143－1996中的公式計(jì)算。 Notes:whenphosphorizerusedandthesubpressureiscertain,ZN/Z=1,fornaturalgas,(ZN/Z)1/2=FZissupercompressibilityfactor.ItiscalculatedaccordingtoformulaofChinaNationalPetroleumCorp.standard.